2024-03-28T13:14:18Z
http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/do/oai/
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1019
2009-05-16T15:57:34Z
publication:botanical
Index V.1, 1929
Friesner, Ray C.
Information about the publication, as well as a table of contents.
1929-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/1
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1019/viewcontent/bstud02.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1021
2009-03-05T03:34:17Z
publication:botanical
Some ecological factors in secondary succession: upland hardwood. II. Soil reaction and plant distribution in the Sycamore creek region
Cain, Stanley A.
Friesner, Ray C.
An examination of the vegetation of the Sycamore creek region would certainly warrant the assumption that soils of many of the ridge tops are decidedly acid, for there are a number of plant communities made up of notoriously acid-tolerant species. Conspicuous members of these communities are Vaccinium vacillans, V. stamineum, Gaylussacia baccata, Populus grandidentata, and various mosses, as Polytrichum juniperinum, Catherinea angustata, Leucobryum, Dicranum, etc. Since these communities are exclusively on the tops and upper slopes of the characteristically narrow ridges, it was thought desirable to investigate the extent of the hydrogen-ion concentration of these soils and to ascertain any relations existing between the pH and the topography, and, inevitably, of course, the vegetation.
1929-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/3
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1021/viewcontent/volume1_cain_friesner_17_28.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1022
2009-03-05T03:33:55Z
publication:botanical
The genus Trillium in Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
The fact that members of the genus Trillium are quite variable is well borne out when one notes the number of reports of variations and teratological conditions in the literature. Such conditions make it important that more detailed critical study be made of members of the genus from the standpoint of their distribution and variation in smaller areas. Studies of the species occurring in wider areas were made by Gleason (19) and Gates (18). More detailed study of particular species in more restricted areas is of considerable value in adding light to the problem of species relationship and delimitation. Such a study was made for North and South Carolina by Peattie (26). The present paper is a similar attempt for the state of Indiana.
1929-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/4
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1022/viewcontent/volume1_cain_friesner_29_40.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1024
2009-03-05T03:32:56Z
publication:botanical
Key to genera of ferns and fern allies
Friesner, Ray C.
The keys to be found in the Manuals used for taxonomic study often require the student using them to have a greater knowledge of the species under than is obtainable from the specimen at hand. For example, the indusium regularly drops from the sorus in some genera when the fronds are young, while in other genera, indusia are never present. Examples of these are found, in the case of the former condition, in Cystopteris and Woodia, and in the case of the latter condition, in Polypodium and Phegopteris. How is the student just beginning taxonomic work on the ferns to know, when he encounters a fruiting frond with no indusia, whether it is a case of entire absence of indusia of a species from which the indusia drop off early? He should, of course, examine a number of specimens, but the working collection available for his study does not always have both young and old specimens of each species. It should have, to be sure, but it is not always expedient for the instructor to have material representing all ages of fronds. Further, suppose the student is identifying material of his own collection instead of a set prepared for him by some one else, and he wishes to know today whether the absence of an indusium is a fixed character. He cannot always wait a year to determine his point by observation on younger fronds.
1929-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/6
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1024/viewcontent/volume1_friesner_55_60.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1023
2009-03-05T03:33:35Z
publication:botanical
Life-forms and biological spectra of the flora of Bacon's swamp, Indiana
Phillips, Alice
During the nineteenth and the first part of the twentieth century no detailed statistical studies of vegetation in relation to climate had been devised. The work relating to the two was broad, general and superficial. Climatic formations of the world had been described and classified by plant geographers and early ecologists, as Schimper, Warming, Cowles and others. Work was done classifying regions as xerophytic, mesophytic or hydrophytic, but no methods had been published giving means of ascertaining in more detail the degree of xerophytism, mesophytism or hydrophytism. In 1909, C. Raunkiaer, of Copenhagen, Denmark, published a paper on "Life-Forms and Statistical Methods." This work concerned methods which the author had devised to measure the total climatic influences on plants by means of the plants themselves. It was an effort to apply quantitative methods to plants and to classify them as to life-form. The factor selected by Raunkiaer was the adaptation of plants to the critical season as indicated by the degree and nature of the protection afforded dormant perennating buds. Raunkiaer, in addition to his theory, classified four hundred plants carefully selected from the entire world, fitting each into its proper life-form (as based on the protection of the perennating bud), and called the percentages of the groups of growth forms a world normal biological spectrum. Raunkiaer state that a count of the different kinds of plants according to his classification would indicate the nature of the habitat and give a biological spectrum for it.
1929-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/5
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1023/viewcontent/volume1_phillips_41_53.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1025
2009-03-05T03:32:40Z
publication:botanical
The relation of certain ecological factors to the inhibition of forest floor herbs under hemlock
Daubenmire, Rexford F.
In the region of Turkey Run State Park, Parke county, Indiana, there occurs an abundance of Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. In this locality the tree is to be found typically along the upper limits of precipitous creek bluffs and along the rims of the sandstone canyons,-- here it is the dominant plant in an edaphic climax. The Hemlock association is a codominant climax with the typical Beech-Maple climax of the region.
1929-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/7
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1025/viewcontent/volume1_daubenmire_61_76.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1026
2009-03-05T03:24:11Z
publication:botanical
Chromosome numbers in ten species of Quercus, with some remarks on the contributions of cytology to taxonomy
Friesner, Ray C.
It is becoming increasingly more apparent that for the solution of many of the difficult problems in the field of taxonomy, we must take into consideration the work of the cytologist. A very large number of what we may call cytological-taxonomic studies have appeared during the past decade. These have thrown much light upon such taxonomic problems as the origin, evolution , and relationship of a species within polymorphic genera; the determination of the limits of subgenera and of variable species with numerous supposed variations, and the probable relationship of supposed natural hybrids.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/8
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1026/viewcontent/volume1_friesner_77_103.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1027
2009-03-05T03:24:58Z
publication:botanical
A study of fruit diseases occurring in a mid-western market
Fischer, George W.
Diseases occurring in a market represent to a fair degree the diseases of fruits and vegetables in the field, since, in the majority of cases, the diseases appearing and developing in the markets are but a delayed expression of infection which occurred in the field. Furthermore, since fruits and vegetables in the markets have been shipped in from various sections of the country as well as from foreign lands, the diseases of these plant products represent not only the phytopathological conditions of the local state or country, but also those of any other part of the world whence they came.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/9
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1027/viewcontent/volume1_fischer_105_127.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1028
2009-03-05T03:25:20Z
publication:botanical
Certain floristic affinities of the trees and shrubs of the Great Smoky mountains and vicinity
Cain, Stanley A.
It is widely admitted that the forests of eastern United States reach their culmination in the southern Appalachians, particularly in the Unaka range of North Carolina and Tennessee. It is in the mountains of this range that the greatest height east of the Rocky mountains is reached; in the Black mountains with Mt. Mitchell, the Craggy mountains and the Great Smoky mountains, with some forty peaks over 6,000 feet in altitude, and with Mt. Guyot and Clingman's Dome topping them all. Here on these lofty peaks (for many of them rise over a mile in altitude above their base), in a region of high rainfall and high humidity, there is rich flora -- rich in species and rich in numbers.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/10
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1028/viewcontent/volume1_cain_129_150.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1029
2009-03-05T03:25:45Z
publication:botanical
A comparison of strip and quadrat analyses of the woody plants on a central Indiana river bluff
Cain, Stanley A.
Friesner, Ray C.
Polzger, John E.
This report is concerned with the distribution of woody plants on certain river hills in central Indiana. The location is in the vicinity of Blue Bluffs on White river in Morgan county. Most hills, and particularly river hills of a hundred or more feet in height, show certain obvious differences in the woody plants at the top and the bottom. The relative abundance and evenness of distribution of different species, however, is hard to ascertain by ordinary observation, hence various methods of sampling are used to determine more exactly what are the distributional relationships of various species. Strip and sample plot methods of timber estimation have long been in use by the foresters and lumbermen, and out of their methods have grown certain practices of the ecologist. In these studies there has been an effort to compare two methods of statistical analysis of vegetation, (1) sampling by line transects, and (2) sampling by quadrats, or regularly distributed squares.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/12
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1029/viewcontent/volume1_friesner_Cain_polzger_157_171.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1031
2009-03-05T03:28:29Z
publication:botanical
A microtome knife cooler
Friesner, Ray C.
Artschwager described a cooling apparatus for handling paraffin ribbons during hot weather. Use of this device in our laboratory during the summer has proven highly satisfactory and at the same time it suggested to us the idea of using the same principle for keeping the knife blade cool while cutting. Accordingly, a copper box was made 12x6x4 inches, as shown in the accompanying figure. A suitable lid should be made from the same material. On the back of this box was soldered a narrow strip of copper, which was allowed to project approximately seven inches beyond the end of the box. This projecting strip should be just wide enough to fit into the groove on the back of the blade holder of the microtome, which happens to be just one-half inch in the case of the blade holder used in our laboratory. It should be soldered to the back of the box just high enough from the bottom to permit it to slide easily into the blade holder groove when the holder is in place on the microtome. This height is just three and nine-sixteenths inches for our Spencer Rotary microtome.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/14
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1031/viewcontent/volume1_friesner_176_177.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1030
2009-03-05T03:27:59Z
publication:botanical
Certain aspects of the H-ion concentration of the soils of a central Indiana river bluff
Cain, Stanley A.
Friesner, Ray C.
In a recent paper, Cain and Friesner (3) found that there was a relation between topography and the hydrogen-ion concentration of the soil. This work was done on certain hills in the Sycamore creek region, Morgan county, Indiana, where it was found that the acidity was greater on the hilltops and less in the intervening ravines, so that curves representing the degree of acidity of the soil at different points on a line crossing the hills were roughly parallel with the topography. The average acidity on three ridge tops was pH 5.3, while the adjacent ravine bottoms were practically neutral, averaging pH 6.9. The consistently greater acidity of the ridge tops and upper slopes seems to play a significant part in the distribution of certain plants found only in such situations, viz., Vaccinium vacillans, Gaylussacia baccata, Polytrichum juniperinum, etc. Since these ridges studied in the Sycamore creek region were only about one hundred feet high, it was thought desirable to investigate some river hills which rise about 250 feet above their immediate bases.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/13
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1030/viewcontent/volume1_friesner_Cain_172___175.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1033
2009-03-05T03:32:12Z
publication:botanical
Book reviews
That biology is a unified subject, in contrast to botany and zoology as separate sciences, is continuing to make progress and its advocates are endeavoring to meet the pedagogical needs of teachers of various teaching views, is evidenced by the recent appearance of three new texts within the field. These texts are, Wheat and Fitzpatrick's "Advanced Biology"; Plunkett's "Outlines of Modern Biology"; and Scott's "Science of Biology."
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/11
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1033/viewcontent/volume1_book_review_151_156.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1032
2009-03-05T03:29:57Z
publication:botanical
An ecological study of the heath balds of the Great Smoky mountains
Cain, Stanley A.
The inhabitants of the Great Smoky mountains usually refer to the heath communities under consideration as "slicks" or "balds." The former name is derived from the smooth appearance they present on the ridges and mountain tops when viewed from a distance and which is entirely misleading, for they are extremely rough and tangled. The name "bald" refers to the absence of trees, these areas being exclusively occupied by shrubs. The term "heath bald" is used in this paper to include all such treeless areas dominated by members of the order Ericales. The use of the term "heath" is not entirely unsatisfactory, since there is considerable confusion in the literature in respect to the exact meaning of such terms as "heath," "low moor," "high moor," etc., yet no substitute for the word has been found.
1930-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol1/iss1/15
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1032/viewcontent/volume1_friesner_Cain__177_208.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1034
2009-05-16T15:59:22Z
publication:botanical
Index V.2, 1931 - 1932
Friesner, Ray
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/1
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1034/viewcontent/index.pdf
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index
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1040
2009-03-26T13:10:28Z
publication:botanical
Chromosome Numbers in Certain Species of Helianthus
Geisler, Florence
The genus Helianthus is a comparatively large one, containing, according to Watson (13), 108 authentic and several doubtful species. These are arranged and classified by the taxonomist according to manifestations that are readily visible, but, if the chromosome number and the behavior during meiosis were known in each case, a better understanding could be gained of the interrelation of the species and greater accuracy might be possible in deciding whether a doubtful plant were a variety, a true species or a hybrid.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/7
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1040/viewcontent/Geisler_Chromosomes_Fagus_53_62.pdf
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Helianthus
chromosome
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1035
2009-03-27T02:38:57Z
publication:botanical
Algae of Marion County, Indiana
Palmer, C. M.
Reverend George L. Curtiss, in 1882, published in the Twelfth Report of the State Geologist (Indiana) an article entitled, "Diatoms of the Waters of Indiana." It includes, from Marion county, a list and illustrations of seventy-eight forms. One of these, Staurastrum asperum, is considered now as a desmid rather than a diatom. This paper by Curtiss is, apparently, the only one which has been published on the algae of Marion county in which genera or species are given.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/2
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1035/viewcontent/Palmer_Algae_1_21.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1038
2009-03-27T02:44:56Z
publication:botanical
Fat Deposits in Certain Ericacere
Stanely, Oran B.
The purpose of this work was to investigate the structures of certain available plants of the family Ericacere with special interest in fat deposits in the tissues. HISTORICAL. Priestly and Hinchliffe (8) have called attention to the characteristic appearance of plants growing in peat moors of England. These plants are of a stunted nature, dark green in color, leathery in texture, and with very little leaf surface. These characteristics, along with certain others, have led to these plants being grouped with xerophytes. This seems strange, as xerophytism is associated, normally, with scarcity of water.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/5
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1038/viewcontent/Stanely_33_41.pdf
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Ericacere
fat
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1036
2009-03-27T02:43:30Z
publication:botanical
The Acid Ranges of Some Spring Flowering Herbs with Reference to Variations in Floral Color
Daubenmire, Rexford F.
It is of common knowledge, derived from even limited field observation, that color in the petals of many of our native flowers is quite variable. Where these variations seem constant, and are accompanied by other characters, taxonomists use color as one of the bases of species differentiation. On the other hand, some species, such as Phlox divaricata, treated in this paper, show gradations in floral color from pure white through blue and lavender to pink; these variations are evidently unaccompanied by other constant characters which might indicate racial differences.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/3
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1036/viewcontent/Daubenmire_Acid_25_28.pdf
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petals
colors
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1037
2009-03-27T02:42:46Z
publication:botanical
Factors Favoring the Persistence of a Relic Association of Eastern Hemlock in Indiana
Daubenmire, Rexford F.
Scattered through the deciduous forests of Indiana there are relic colonies of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. These colonies, with quite an appreciable group of other species, including herbs and shrubs (1), are generally considered as remnants of a previous southern extension of their natural species ranges. After these species had been forced southward by the conditions accompanying the advancing ice caps, their post glacial movements, in keeping pace with the retreating ice masses back to their original climax ranges, were very irregular. Thus, in the course of post glacial reorganization of the vegetation, hemlock as a species resumed its more northerly range found in the Lake Forest which covers the area immediately north of the Great Lakes.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/4
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1037/viewcontent/Daubenmire_29_41.pdf
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Hemlock
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1039
2009-03-26T13:06:19Z
publication:botanical
Chomosome Numbers in Fagus Grandi Folia and Quercus Virginina
Aufderheide, Helen
The chromosomes have been counted in a number of species of Fagacere, both in Europe and America. The opportunity now arises to add to the rapidly growing list one more species of Quercus and one species of Fagus whose numbers have not until now been determined.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/6
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1039/viewcontent/Aufderheide_Chromosomes_45_52.pdf
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fagacere
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1042
2011-03-29T13:34:09Z
publication:botanical
The Value of Rumex Acetosella as an Acid Indicator
Artist, Russell
Among laymen and agriculturists it is a common expression that certain spots in a field are acid. The term "acid spots" has come to be used more and more since soil reaction has been shown to have some bearing upon the soil preferences of many plants. That there is a correlation between the hydrogen-ion concentration of the soil and natural plant distribution has also been shown by a number of writers (6, 9, 14, l5). Rumex acetosella has been considered to be an acid indicator (1, 5). The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a consistent correlation between the hydrogen-ion concentration of the soil and the distribution of a native species.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/9
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1042/viewcontent/Artist_Rumex_81_91.pdf
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Rumex Acetosella
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1041
2009-03-26T13:16:39Z
publication:botanical
General Distribution of the Species Aster Found in Indiana
Parker, Dorothy
This paper does not attempt to deal in a taxonomic way with the problem of species differentiation in the asters, but involves a study of the general distribution of certain species of that genus. In finding the distribution of each of the Indiana species of Aster throughout the United States, adjacent provinces of Canada and Mexico, the question arose as to the relation of the distribution in the state of Indiana to their general distribution in North America; that is, if the species is northern in Indiana, is the distribution northern in North America; if southern in Indiana, is it southern in general, etc.?
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/8
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1041/viewcontent/parker_aster.pdf
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aster
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1044
2009-03-26T15:33:47Z
publication:botanical
Plankton Algae of White River in Marion County and Morgan County, Indiana
Palmer, C. M.
During a period of thirteen months in 1930 and 1931, the algae from 176 samples of White river water were identified.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/11
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1044/viewcontent/Palmer_Plankton_125_131.pdf
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algae
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1043
2009-03-26T17:34:26Z
publication:botanical
The Trees of Indiana in Their Local and General Distribution According According to Physiographic Divisions
Lindsey, Alva J.
In light of the fact that no extensive work exists in plant geography showing the relation between Indiana trees and their physiographic distribution, the present problem was undertaken. It deals with the distribution of Indiana trees within the state by counties, but essentially by natural botanical areas; and outside of the state in their wider distribution by larger physiographic units.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/10
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1043/viewcontent/Lindsey_Trees_93_124.pdf
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bog
bogs
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1045
2009-03-27T03:10:44Z
publication:botanical
Studies in Forest Ecology
Friesner, Ray C.
Potzger, John E.
Casual observations made during botanical excursions to various parts of the state during the past twelve years have revealed a very scattered and unusual distribution in Indiana of the hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. As stated by Deam (4), this species is usually to be found in Indiana on north-or northwest-facing slopes. It is most commonly found on the steep slopes, canyon walls and rims of deep ravines, but may also be found in pure stands in some places such as at Turkey Run, in Parke county, where it is associated with beech and maple on plateau tops above canyon walls, and at Pine Hills, in Montgomery county, where it is associated with beech (Fagus grandifolia), maple (Acer saccharum and A. nigrum) and white pine (Pinus strobus).
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/12
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1045/viewcontent/Friesner_Potzger_forest_133_144.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
hemlock
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1046
2009-03-27T03:13:08Z
publication:botanical
Studies in Forest Ecology II.
Friesner, Ray C
Potzger, John E.
The hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, exhibits a very disjunct distribution in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and other parts of the western and southern limits of its range. In Indiana and parts of its range farther northwest it is usually limited to steep slopes, canyon walls and deep ravines, though in some stations in Indiana, such as at Turkey Run, in Parke county, and Pine Hills, in Montgomery county, it occurs on plateau tops and stream terraces.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/13
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1046/viewcontent/Friesner_Potzger_ecology_144_149.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
Hemlock
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1051
2009-03-26T17:38:28Z
publication:botanical
Book Reviews 22-24
Friesner, Ray C.
Palmer, C. M.
Esten, Mabel M.
Various book reviews by various contributors
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/18
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1051/viewcontent/bookreview_22_24.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1048
2009-03-26T17:25:16Z
publication:botanical
The Merrillville White Pine
Lindsey, Alva J.
A quantitative survey was made in the white pine zone by the quadrant method (6). Twenty-five sample areas, each of three different sizes, were methodically arranged and equally spaced in accordance with Figure 1, so as to give a fair cross section of the flora. None of the quadrants touched the transition area next to the shrub zone where there were species intermingled characteristic of both areas.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/15
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1048/viewcontent/Lindsey_pine_167_178.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
bogs
white pines
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1047
2009-03-26T17:19:14Z
publication:botanical
Hydrogen Ion Reaction of Native Inidana Fern Soils
Craw, Joe R.
A number of studies of soil acidity in relation to plant groups and plant distribution have been made in recent years, but none of these have been carried on with the ferns of Indiana soils. The present study was made in the hope of extending such information to a wider range of soil conditions.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/14
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1047/viewcontent/Craw_Fern_151_162.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
acidity
Indiana
soil
ferns
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1050
2009-03-27T03:25:30Z
publication:botanical
A Statistical Study of a Heech-maple Association at Turkey Run State Park
Esten, Mabel M.
In 1928 Braun-Blanquet and Pavillard (1) published the "Vocabulaire de Sociologie Végétale," in which an attempt was made to define and standardize the various current concepts relating to descriptive phytosociology. Since the continental concepts vary somewhat from those of American workers, the terminology differs slightly. The terms relating to the organization of any plant community are, according to them, arranged in a sociological "Reléve" or floristic enumeration in which each species of plant is given with the coefficient or number corresponding to the class to which it belongs in the analytical or synthetic concepts.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/17
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1050/viewcontent/Esten_Turkey_183_201.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
maple
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1049
2009-03-26T17:28:27Z
publication:botanical
Preliminary Fossil Pollen Analysis of the Merrillvill, Indiana, White Pine Bog
Lindsey, Alva J.
This analytical study in fossil pollen is not as complete as present methods and knowledge of pollen will permit. Pending a more extensive analysis, a few preliminary findings are here set forth, but, of course, subject to future modification.
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/16
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1049/viewcontent/Lindsey_fossil_179_182.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
bogs
fossils
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1054
2009-03-26T17:44:53Z
publication:botanical
Book Reviews 163-165
Friesner, Ray C.
Various book reviews
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/21
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1054/viewcontent/bookreview_163_165.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1053
2009-03-26T17:42:41Z
publication:botanical
Book Reviews 63-64
Friesner, Ray C.
Various book reviews
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/20
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1053/viewcontent/bookreview_63_64.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1052
2009-03-26T17:40:44Z
publication:botanical
Book Reviews 42-44
Author, Unknown
Various book reviews by various contributors
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/19
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1052/viewcontent/bookreview_42_44.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1055
2009-03-26T17:46:11Z
publication:botanical
Book Reviews 202
Friesner, Ray C.
Various book reviews
1931-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol2/iss1/22
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1055/viewcontent/bookreview_202.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1056
2009-05-16T15:56:55Z
publication:botanical
Index V.3, 1933 - 1936
Friesner, Ray C.
1933-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/1
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1056/viewcontent/Index_1933_1936.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1058
2009-03-31T18:23:26Z
publication:botanical
Climax Conditions and the Ecological Status of Pinus Strobus, Taxus Canadensis and Tsuga Canadensis in the Pine Hills Region of Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
Polzger, John E.
Along Sugar creek in Montgomery and Parke counties in west central Indiana, where the stream cuts through the Mansfield and deep into the Borden sandstones, there are a number of areas characterized by deep canyons with almost perpendicular rock walls. Three of these areas are locally known as Turkey Run State Park, The Shades, and Pine Hill~. The latter two are about two mile~ from each other, and these in t.urn are approximately eighteen and twenty miles respectively upstream from Turkey Run. The canyon walls of Turkey Run are largely Mansfield sandstone, while those of Pine Hills are Borden sandstone, the Mansfield having been eroded away.
1933-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/3
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1058/viewcontent/friesner_potzger_climax_conditions.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
PINUS STROBUS
TAXUS CANADENSIS
TSUGA CANADENSIS
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1059
2009-04-01T16:39:15Z
publication:botanical
Some Comparisons Between Virgin Forest and Adjacent Areas of Secondary Succession
Polzger, John E.
Friesner, Ray C.
The almost unbroken deciduous forest of Indiana of a century ago has been reduced to isolated patches, and few of the remaining timbered areas may truly be termed virgin forest. These small tracts of undisturbed forest are thus of great ecological importance. One such small area of undisturbed forest is owned by Mr. August Mauntel, six miles southwest of Holland in Dubois county. Mr. Mauntel is an old settler in Dubois county and has seen the region develop from forest primeval to a busy agricultural community. He says that the area in question has been disturbed very little by cultural influences.
1934-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/4
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1059/viewcontent/potzger_friesner_some_comparisons.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
deforestation
Indiana
deciduous forest
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1057
2009-06-15T13:17:36Z
publication:botanical
The Genus Solidago in Northeastern North America
Friesner, Ray C.
Attempts to identify the species of goldenrods found growing uncultivated in Indiana revealed species which could not be identified by use of any of the manuals commonly used for this section of North America. Then began a search through the literature to find new species and varieties described since the publication of the seventh edition of Gray's Manual and the second edition of Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora. These were incorporated into the keys given in the manuals so that they would receive consideration at the proper points when specimens were being identified.
1933-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/2
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1057/viewcontent/friesner_genus_solidago.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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goldenrods
Indiana
Solidago hispida
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1061
2009-04-01T16:48:53Z
publication:botanical
Algae of Steuben County, Indiana
Palmer, C. M.
No published record has yet been made, apparently, of the algal flora of Steuben county, Indiana. The many lakes and bogs, together with several streams which are in the county, make the area an excellent one for collecting algae. The writer visited the county in May, 1929, July and September, 1933, and obtained specimens particularly from the following lakes: Bass, Crooked, Failing, Fox, Hogback, James, Nevada Mills and Snow. Approximately fifty algae have so far been identified from the collections. Those that have not previously been reported for Indiana are printed in boldface type. It is hoped that additional lists of the algae of Steuben county may be published from time to time. No desmids or diatoms are included in this first paper.
1934-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/6
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1061/viewcontent/palmer_algae_steuben.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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algae
lakes
Steuben county
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1067
2009-03-31T19:21:05Z
publication:botanical
The Chromosome Relations of Solidago Rigida
Higinbotham, Noe L.
During the summer of 1930 an unusual variant race of Solidago rigida L. was collected in Newton county, Indiana. This variant was transplanted to the Botanical Garden of Butler University where it has grown since, showing no tendency toward return to the characteristic form of the normal S. rigida plants growing in the same plot beside it. The most notable distinctions of this variant are: the larger size, being about twice as high, with larger leaves and flowers; the upper cauline leaves being ovate, obtuse and sessile, with an unequally cordate base; and the later time of blooming, which seems to be due not so much to later initiation as to slower development and maturation of flowers.
1936-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/12
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1067/viewcontent/higinbotham_crhomosome.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
Solidago rigida
Indiana
Butler University
chromosomes
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1064
2009-04-01T16:50:18Z
publication:botanical
Some Notes on Anthocyanin Formation in Leaves With Cut Veins
Griffin, Agatha
The observations on loss of chlorophyll in parts of leaves above cut veins reported in the preceding paper brought out some rather striking features concerning anthocyanin formation in such segregated areas, which seemed worthy of special consideration and are here presented.
1935-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/9
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1064/viewcontent/griffin_anthocyanin.pdf
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anthocyanin
leaves
chlorophyll
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1060
2009-04-01T16:39:56Z
publication:botanical
Additions to the Algal Flora of Indiana
Coffing, Charlene
In January, 1933. the writer began working on a special problem in the identification of the plankton algae of the canal which cuts through the Butler University campus. The primary purpose of the problem is the study of the periodicity of the algae of the canal. It is planned to consider in a later paper this study of periodicity which will include both seasonal and weekly variations which occurred in the kinds of algae and the effect of temperature of water and amount of precipitation upon the algal flora. From January 30 to October 30 the algae from forty samples of water were identified. It is hoped that the later paper on periodicity will include fifty-two samples, a sample being taken once a week at regular intervals,
1934-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/5
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1060/viewcontent/coffing_additions_algal.pdf
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algae
Butler University
canal
flora
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1063
2009-04-01T16:49:49Z
publication:botanical
The Effect of Interrupted Translocation Upon Loss of Chlorophyll in Leaves During Autumn Coloration
Griffin, Agatha
In the present experiment, eighteen species were examined to observe the effect of an incision through the vein upon loss of chlorophyll above and below the incision during autumn coloration.
1935-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/8
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1063/viewcontent/Griffin_effect_translocation.pdf
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chlorophyll
autumn
coloration
trees
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1066
2009-03-31T19:16:40Z
publication:botanical
A Bryocenological Study of Some Epiphytic Mosses of a Central Indiana Woods
Wilson, Betty L.
Mosses in general, and epiphytic species in particular, have received surprisingly little of the attention in America which they rightly deserve as an ecologically significant group. The ecological formations as distinguished in America (Weaver and Clements (21) ) are closely affiliated with and largely defined by their respective climates. In other words, they may be said to be "macro-indicators" of climates.
1935-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/11
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1066/viewcontent/wilson_bryocenological_study.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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epiphytic
moss
climate
climates
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1065
2009-03-31T19:12:13Z
publication:botanical
A New Method for Separation of Fossil Pollen From Peat
Geisler, Florence
Paleoecology, as any other type of research, has its incumbent difficulties. Chief among these is, no doubt, the fogging of truth by errors introduced by methods. One of these difficulties in fossil pollen study is the separation of the pollen grains without anatomical or numerical distortion from the debris of plant remains in which they lie embedded. Sears (6) says, "It is a safe rule to use the mildest treatment which will completely loosen all pollen from the floccules." This problem of technique is as old as the study of fossil pollen, but we recognize introduced errors more keenly as time goes on. Before presenting the new method for separation of peat, it seems well to outline briefly the procedure in the more common present methods and point out some of the errors they introduce into the observations.
1935-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/10
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1065/viewcontent/geisler_pollen.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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flogging
pollen
fossils
paleocology
peat
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1062
2009-04-01T16:49:19Z
publication:botanical
The Shrubs of Indiana in Their Local and General Distribution by Physiographic Divisions
Trefz, Lettie P.
The mesophytic deciduous forest is the climax type of flora in Indiana. The trees typify the dominant life-form of such a community, but the shrubs and herbaceous plants which go to make up the undergrowth have an important t bearing on the nature of the vegetation as a whole. Within each climax formation there are numerous physiographic areas in which differences in vegetation are associated primarily with differences in topography and soil character. In Indiana there are six such areas, each with its distinctive floras (6, 11, 15). Lindsey (12) has made a study of the trees of Indiana, dealing with their distribution within the state in natural botanical areas and outside the state in their wider distribution by larger physiographic units. The present paper involves a study of the shrubs following the manner of the study of trees made by Lindsey.
1935-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/7
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1062/viewcontent/Trefz_shrubs_of_Indiana.pdf
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mesophytic deciduous forest
physiographic
topography
soil
flora
shrubs
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1069
2009-03-31T19:28:23Z
publication:botanical
Stratigraphy and Preliminary Pollen Analysis of a Lake County, Illinois, bog
Artist, Russell C.
The last decade has marked a growing interest in paleoecology stimulated by stratigraphic studies and pollen analysis of peat deposits. A number of bogs of considerable interest occur in the northeastern part of the state of Illinois, in Lake and McHenry counties-(Waterman 10),
1936-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/14
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1069/viewcontent/pollen_artist.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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paleoecology
bogs
Illinois
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1068
2009-03-31T19:25:32Z
publication:botanical
Modification of Vascular Tissue in Midvein of Quercus Alba Leaves Induced by Gall Development of Cynips Pezomachoides Erinacei
Kenoyer, E. F.
1n the autumn of 1933 Miss Agatba Griffin (3) studied the influence of interrupted translocation on loss of chlorophyll in leaves before autumn coloration. During the course of the observation, it was noted that a gall on the vein of leaves of Quercus alba produced strikingly similar results as cutting of a vein, i. e., in both cases the area above the cut or gall growth lost its chlorophyl1 first and turned strikingly red several weeks before the portion below the cut or gall discolored. It was at that time assumed and substantiated by superficial examination that the gall induced some sort of modification in the conducting tissue of the leaf, thus affecting translocation. To investigate the nature of this modification in the vascular tissues is the specific aim of the present study.
1936-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/13
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1068/viewcontent/kenoyer_modification_vascular.pdf
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translocation
leaves
chlorophyll
vascular
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1070
2009-03-31T19:45:07Z
publication:botanical
The Effect of Precipitation and Temperature on Annualr Ring Growth in Four Species of Quercus
Kleine, Arnold
Potzger, Johne E.
Friesner, Ray C.
The present investigations were made from 11 trees of Quercus alba, 17 trees of Q. montana, 16 trees of Q. velutina and 9of Q. borealis maxima. All specimens were taken from the knobs area of Bartholomew and Brown counties in Indiana, from stumps left by lumbering operations carried on from July to September: 1934. Sections were brought to the laboratory and measurements were made with a binocular microscope suspended over the section. The annular ring widths of eight equidistant radii were taken on each of the 53 sections measured. During the measuring, medullary rays were followed instead of geometrical radii. In this manner the width of the annular growth was taken in a direction eliminating the error of oblique measurement. When a radius was completed, a number tag was placed at the end of the radius. This allowed for a recheck to be made at any desirable time. Annular ring measurements were taken of the years 1909-1933 inclusive, a growth period of twenty-five years. The measurement of eight radii per section aided in eliminating the errors of unequal growth along different radii in the same tree.
1936-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/15
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1070/viewcontent/precipitation_potzger_friesner.pdf
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ring growth
trees
Indiana
precipitation
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1071
2009-03-31T19:51:58Z
publication:botanical
Soil Moisture and the Nature of the Tsuga and Tsuga-Pinus Forest Associations in Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
Potzger, John E.
Nichols (6) concludes that "white pine, throughout a large part of its geographical range, is a normal, although minor, constituent of the climatic climax forest." He maintains that the Tsuga-Pinus strobus region is a distinct ecological unit which is the climatic climax for the region where they occur. Most universally associated with these species are Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum and A. nigrum, and, in lesser proportions, a considerable number of additional species are often found.
1936-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/16
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1071/viewcontent/moisture_friesner_potzger.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
Indiana
soil
moisture
white pine
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1072
2009-03-31T19:54:47Z
publication:botanical
Book Reviews 147-148
Friesner, Ray C.
Various book reviews
1934-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol3/iss1/17
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1072/viewcontent/book_review_147_148.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1075
2009-04-17T15:58:41Z
publication:botanical
Contrasts in certain physical factors in Fagns-Acer and Quercus-Carya communities in Brown and Bartholomew counties, Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
Potzger, John E.
Oak-hickory forests occur in Indiana under three sets of ecological conditions. First, in the northern fifth of the state, roughly north and west of the Tippecanoe river (except for the northeast corner, i. e., Steuben and part of Lagrange counties), they are the most mesophytic type of forest that will be permanently maintained by the general climate of the area and, therefore, become the climax association.
1937-09-22T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/2
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1075/viewcontent/Fagns_Friesner_Potzger.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
Fagns-Acer
Quercus-Carya
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1076
2009-04-17T16:00:28Z
publication:botanical
A quantitative study of the phytoplankton of the White River canal, Indianapolis, Indiana
Coffing, Charleen
Numerous quantitative investigations of lake and river plankton are recorded for this country, but there seems to have been little work done on quantitative studies of canal phytoplankton. The present quantitative investigation of one year on the phytoplankton of the White river canal in Indianapolis, Indiana, follows a previous year of study of the taxonomy and periodicity of the plankton flora of that canal. There are apparently no published records of quantitative studies of plankton made in the vicinity of Indianapolis.
1937-09-22T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/3
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1076/viewcontent/quantitative_coffing.pdf
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quantitative investigations
plankton
White River Canal
Indianapolis
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1078
2009-04-17T16:04:28Z
publication:botanical
Pollen spectrum of Lake Cicott bog, Cass county
Smith, William M.
This study is one of a series of investigations on fossil pollen in peat, carried on at Butler University during the winter and spring of 1936-37.
1937-11-08T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/5
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1078/viewcontent/pollen_spectrum_Smith.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
fossil
pollen
peat
bogs
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1079
2009-04-17T16:06:18Z
publication:botanical
Pollen study of Cranberry Pond, near Emporia, Madison county, Indiana
Barnett, Jean
This paper is one of a series of fossil pollen studies carried on in the Botany Department of Butler University. In this work peat was collected from a number of bogs distributed over the northern half of the state. One of these is Cranberry pond near Emporia, Madison county, Indiana.
1937-11-08T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/6
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1079/viewcontent/pollen_cranberry_Barnett.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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fossil
pollen
bogs
peat
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1077
2009-04-17T16:01:53Z
publication:botanical
A fossil pollen analysis of Fox Prairie bog, Hamilton county, Indiana
Prettyman, Robert L.
The study of post-Pleistocene vegetations and migration of forests by means of fossil pollen in peat is a comparatively recent addition to the study of paleobotany and plant geography in America and is certainly in its pioneer stage in Indiana; yet that state offers a rich field to the botanist interested in the postglacial migration of vegetation. In the northern part of the state, numerous bogs in various stages of development, ranging from the open lake stage to those completely covered by meadow or forest, are readily accessible for study. In central Indiana, bogs are less numerous, but all the more interesting, because they mark the southernmost extension of glacial bogs in Indiana.
1937-11-08T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/4
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1077/viewcontent/fossil_pollen_Prettyman.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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post-Pleistocene
glacial
paleobotany
Indiana bogs
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1081
2009-04-17T16:10:10Z
publication:botanical
A comparison of market milk from ten Indianapolis companies by use of direct microscopic method of analysis
Stanley, Ina
The fact that Indianapolis milk is not produced under Government regulation might lead to great differences in the quality of milk put out by various companies. With this thought in mind, the following experiment was undertaken to compare milk from ten of the Indianapolis companies as it reached the consumer, the work being carried on in the Botany Department laboratories of Butler University.
1938-12-12T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/8
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1081/viewcontent/market_milk_Stanley.pdf
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Indianapolis
milk
quality
regulations
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1080
2009-04-21T16:16:05Z
publication:botanical
A quantitative study of the phytoplankton of Lake Michigan collected in the vicinity of Evanston, Illinois
Daily, William A.
There have been but few papers published in which a quantitative study of the phytoplankton of Lake Michigan was considered. A study of this nature was therefore undertaken, using the Sedgwick-Rafter method.
1938-12-12T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/7
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1080/viewcontent/phytoplankton_Daily.pdf
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Lake Michigan
phytoplankton
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1083
2009-04-17T16:15:12Z
publication:botanical
A fossil pollen study of Kokomo bog. Howard county, Indiana
Howell, John W.
This study is concerned only with tree and shrub pollen, because trees and shrubs form the dominant vegetation in this area, and, as Godwin says, trees and shrubs also aid in the interpretation of past climates.
1938-12-12T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/10
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1083/viewcontent/kokomo_bog_Howell.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
fossil
pollen
bogs
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1084
2009-04-17T16:17:23Z
publication:botanical
A pollen profile of Otterbein bog, Warren county, Indiana
Richards, Ruth R.
This paper is one of a series of similar analysis being made by the Botany Department of Butler University in a study of tree-pollen types from the peat bogs of Indiana. From this detailed study the forest types of Indiana succeeding the periods of glaciation to the present can be partially and fairly accurately reconstructed. The distribution and frequency of the plant life as determined from this study in turn serves as an index to the different climatic changes which followed the recession of the glacial periods. Indiana is particularly well adapted for this type of study. as the northern half of the State underwent three periods of glaciation, referred to as the Illinoian. the Early and the Late Wisconsin ice sheets, each of which left in its wake small lakes and kettle holes, some of which still remain as bodies of water and some of which have been completely filled or drained.
1938-12-12T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/11
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1084/viewcontent/Otterbein_bog_Richards.pdf
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glaciation
Indiana
bogs
peat
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1082
2009-04-17T16:13:22Z
publication:botanical
Forest succession in the southern limits of Early Wisconsin glaciation as indicated by a pollen spectrum from Bacon's swamp, Marion county, Indiana
Otto, James H.
In the past few years, the Botany Department of Buter University has conducted an extensive study of Indiana peat bogs. Such a study will throw much light upon the history of Indiana vegetation. This paper is a portion of the greater survey and describes results from the southernmost bog studied. The name "Bacon's Swamp" has its origin by common usage of natives of the region. The area is a typical glacial peat bog of the kettle hole type, and is in no sense a swamp.
1938-12-12T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/9
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1082/viewcontent/glaciation_Otto.pdf
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glaciation
forests
bogs
peat
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1086
2009-04-17T15:07:04Z
publication:botanical
A phytosociological study of the herbaceous plants in two types of forests in Central Indiana
Potzger, John E.
Friesner, Ray C.
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/13
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1086/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1088
2009-04-17T15:21:28Z
publication:botanical
Some necessary nomenclatorial changes in the genus Solidago
Friesner, Ray C.
While attempting to bring all species and varieties of Solidago in North America into one key the necessity fur the following name changes became apparent.
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/15
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1088/viewcontent/nomnclatorial_friesner.pdf
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solidago
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1085
2009-04-17T15:01:44Z
publication:botanical
Keys to species and varieties of ferns and fern allies of northeastern North America
Friesner, Ray C.
The following key is aimed at enabling students to determine the species and varieties of pteridophytes given by Broun for northeastern North America...
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/12
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1085/viewcontent/ferns_Friesner.pdf
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species
varieties
ferns
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1089
2009-04-17T15:24:52Z
publication:botanical
A study of asymmetrical growth from the stumps of Quercus velutina
Friesner, Ray C.
While securing the material for a study of the relation of rainfall to growth in several species of Quercus it was noted that many stump sections showed a decided asymmetrical growth with the organic center of the section far removed from the geometric center. This led to an inquiry into the factors involved in producing asymmetrical growth in these trees.
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/16
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1089/viewcontent/stumps_Friesner.pdf
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stumps
Indiana
rings
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1087
2009-04-17T15:19:17Z
publication:botanical
What is climax in central Indiana? A five-mile quadrat study
Potzger, John E.
Friesner, Ray C.
Since Indiana is outstanding in so many merging phenomena which are sensitively balanced, any description of our forests which does not take this into consideration can only approximate in a general way the true status of affairs in our forest distribution. The present paper is an initial step in an extensive study of Indiana forests on the basis of quantitative field data.
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/14
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1087/viewcontent/Climax_Potzger_Friesner.pdf
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Indiana
forests
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1093
2009-05-16T15:58:20Z
publication:botanical
Index V.4, 1937 - 1940
Friesner, Ray C.
N/A
1937-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/1
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1093/viewcontent/Index_v4.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1090
2009-04-17T15:33:17Z
publication:botanical
A comparative pollen analysis of two bogs within the boundaries of the late Wisconsin glaciation in Indiana
Moss, Byron W.
The study of the migration and succession of forest types by means of fossil pollen analysis is very significant in determining the climatic conditions which have existed since Pleistocene times.
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/17
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1090/viewcontent/pollen_bogs_Moss.pdf
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glaciation
bogs
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1091
2009-04-17T15:50:02Z
publication:botanical
A fossil pollen study of two northern Indiana bogs
Hamp, Frank A.
Indiana holds an important position for the study of plant migration as Friesner has so well pointed out, calling it a critical botanical area, for it marks within its boundaries the northern limits o[ southern species and the southern limits for northern species, thus showing the unusual opportunities offered to study plant migration since Pleistocene times.
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/18
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1091/viewcontent/northern_Indiana_bogs_Hamp.pdf
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Pleistocene
Indiana
glaciation
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1092
2009-04-17T15:52:58Z
publication:botanical
An observation on the effectiveness of root pressure
Friesner, Ray C.
While making some field observations on stump-sprout reproduction in several species of Quercus, a striking exudation of sap from uninjured stems of Accer rubrum was noted...
1940-08-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol4/iss1/19
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1092/viewcontent/root_pressure_Friesner.pdf
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roots
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1095
2009-05-16T16:03:50Z
publication:botanical
Index V.5, 1941 - 1942
Friesner, Ray C.
1941-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/1
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1095/viewcontent/Index_v5.pdf
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oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1103
2009-05-16T16:58:56Z
publication:botanical
Nomenclatorial changes in the genus Solidago--Corrections
Friesner, Ray C.
In making these changes several errors were made which it is here proposed to correct.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/9
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1103/viewcontent/friesner_changes.pdf
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changes
corrections
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1097
2009-05-16T16:33:06Z
publication:botanical
Quantitative study of the phytoplankton of Lake Michigan at Evanston, Illinois
Damann, Kenneth E.
At this point, December 1939, two years of collecting have been completed and an attempt has been made to summarize and compare the data for that period.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/3
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1097/viewcontent/Damann_phtyoplankton.pdf
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Lake Michigan
pytoplankton
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1098
2009-05-16T16:39:10Z
publication:botanical
The direct microscopic analysis of milk over a period of one year from three creameries serving Indianapolis
Wade, George W.
This study involves the agar plate count and the direct microscopic connt of milk received from three sources, taken at weekly intervals, over a period of one year. It also includes recognition of the morphological types of bacteria found in milk, in an effort to determine the past history of the milks studied, and to determine the seasonal differences in the bacterial counts of this milk from each of the three sources.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/4
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1098/viewcontent/wade_microscopic.pdf
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milk
bacteria
Indianapolis
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1099
2009-05-16T16:42:14Z
publication:botanical
Molds found in Indianapolis markets
Lentz, Paul
Although much work has been done on molds and hosts in general, comparatively little study has been given to date to the various kinds of fungi common to fruit markets of particular cities.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/5
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1099/viewcontent/lentz_molds.pdf
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mold
Indianapolis
markets
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1105
2009-05-16T17:17:54Z
publication:botanical
A study of some growth factors affecting asymetical growth in trees
Harmon, Matthew
Observations on stumps left by lumbering operations show that in many cases the organic center of the stump is far removed from the geometric center. This led into an investigation of factors causing asymmetrical growth of trees. As there has been but little research on unsymmetrical growth, little light has been thrown upon the subject by a perusal of the literature.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/11
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1105/viewcontent/harmon_growth_factors.pdf
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growth
tree rings
stumps
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1096
2009-05-16T16:26:27Z
publication:botanical
A study of Lemanea in Indiana with notes on its distribution in North America
Palmer, C. M.
Collections of the fresh-water alga, Lemanea, were made by the writer in 1930, in Jackson and Lawrence counties, Indiana. In attempting to identify this material, considerable difficulty was encountered for it did not agree with published descriptions of any species.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/2
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1096/viewcontent/palmer_Lemanea.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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algae
Indiana
fresh-water
lemanea
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1104
2009-05-16T17:02:42Z
publication:botanical
The origin of the flora of the chestnut oak upland region of Indiana
Guss, Joanna S.
The object of this paper is to determine the chief directions of afiinities of the species now occurring in the Chestnut Oak Upland region. It deals with the distribution of species comprising the flora both within the state and by physiographic areas outside of the state.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/10
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1104/viewcontent/guss_flora.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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flora
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1100
2009-05-16T16:46:27Z
publication:botanical
Comparison of pollen spectra from bogs of Early and Late Wisconsin glaciation in Indiana
Swickard, Dayton A.
Two bogs were included in the present study, Yountsville bog in Montgomery county, within the border of the Early Wiisconsin territory, and Mill Creek bog in Laporte county, located within the territory of the Late Wisconsin glaciation.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/6
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1100/viewcontent/swickard_pollen.pdf
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glaciation
Wisconsin
pollen
bogs
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1102
2009-05-16T16:56:41Z
publication:botanical
Relation of annual ring formation to rainfall as illustrated in six species of trees in Marshall county, Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
Friesner, Gladys M.
The relation of growth curves to rainfall is not a simple one. Such factors as the following enter to make the relation complex: the time of year when the rains come, the proportion which comes during the growing season, how well they are distributed over the growing season, the topography and its relation to run-off, the character of the soil and its ability to store water from times of abundant to tirnes of inadequate rainfall.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/8
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1102/viewcontent/friesner_ring.pdf
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rainfall
tree growth
tree rings
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1108
2009-05-16T17:32:29Z
publication:botanical
Distribution of Indiana Orchidacae
Brunson, Margaret E.
This particular study includes 41 species belonging to 17 genera and deals with their general distribution over the United States and Canada and their local distribution in Indiana. No attempt has been made to deal with them in a taxonomic way involving species differentiation.
1942-06-13T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/14
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1108/viewcontent/Esther_orchidaceae.pdf
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monocotyledonons family
orchids
Orchidaceae
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1101
2009-05-16T16:50:53Z
publication:botanical
A preliminary study of growth in beech, Fagus grandifolia, by the demographic method
Friesner, Ray C.
A large number of species: evergreen, deciduous, native and introduced have been studied by the various workers.
1941-06-04T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/7
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1101/viewcontent/friesner_beech.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
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tree rings
growth
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1109
2009-05-16T17:37:39Z
publication:botanical
Forest succession in the Trout Lake, Vilas county, Wisconsin area: A pollen study
Potzger, J. E.
Richards, Ruth R.
The present paper is another chapter in the study of vegetational history of the Vilas county, Wisconsin neighborhood, stressing this time the area immediately adjacent to Trout lake, which as a whole is controlled by Pinus, and revolved in a Pinus dominance to the present time.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/15
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1109/viewcontent/richards_trout.pdf
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Pinus
Wisconsin
Trout Lake
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1107
2009-05-16T17:27:36Z
publication:botanical
Dendrometer studies on five species of broadleaf trees in Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
Observations on Fagus grandifolia extend throughout the calendar year 1941, those all Ulmus fu!va began on April 14, and those on the other species began on March 3. In all cases observations included in the present discussion ended on December 22, 1941.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/13
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1107/viewcontent/friesner_broadleaf.pdf
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dendrometer
dendrograph
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1111
2009-05-16T17:49:04Z
publication:botanical
Lemanea herbarium packets containing more than one species
Palmer, C. Mervin
Two important and historic herbarium packets of Lemanea which the writer has examined recently have been found to contain material of two distinct species of the genus.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/17
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1111/viewcontent/palmer_herbarium.pdf
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Lemanea
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1106
2009-05-16T17:21:42Z
publication:botanical
Vertical growth in four species of pines in Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
The time and character of height growth in conifers has been studied by several American investigators but, so far as is known to the writer, these studies have included only two species of pines and all have been done in New York or New England States.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/12
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1106/viewcontent/friesner_pines.pdf
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conifers
height growth
pines
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1110
2009-05-16T17:45:09Z
publication:botanical
Phytosciology of the Cox woods: A remnant of forest primeval in Orange county, Indiana
Potzger, J. E.
Friesner, Ray C.
Keller, Carl
Today Indiana forests are primarily in a stage of secondary succession, and small tracts, comparatively little disturbed by cultural influences, with tree giants which have ahsorbed for centuries the radiant energy of light, and stored it in their massive trunks, have become so large that they arouse interest and curiosity of the public at large.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/16
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1110/viewcontent/Potzger_et_al_cox_woods.pdf
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Eastern deciduous forest
primeval
Indiana
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1112
2009-05-16T17:53:04Z
publication:botanical
Additional records for algae, including some of the less common forms
Palmer, C. Mervin
Over a period of several years, the writer has accumulated a record of new locations for several fresh-water algae some of which are not commonly encountered. In some cases the material has been collected and submitted by students and others, from whom permission has been obtained to include such algae in this article. All but three of the forms were collected in Indiana, one was collected in Massachusetts and two are from California.
1942-06-15T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol5/iss1/18
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1112/viewcontent/palmer_algae.pdf
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algae
Indiana
Massachusetts
California
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1114
2009-06-08T19:28:09Z
publication:botanical
An ecological survey of Berkey woods: A remnant of forest primeval in Kosciusko county, Indiana
Potzger, J. E.
Friesner, Ray C.
In July 1942, we published results of a detailed study of Cox Woods, a remnant of forest primeval in Orange county, located in southern Indiana. In the present study we place on record quantitatively a relatively undisturbed stand of forest in the northern part of Indiana.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/2
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1114/viewcontent/berkey_potzger.pdf
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Berkey woods
quantitative studies
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1113
2009-06-15T12:59:02Z
publication:botanical
Correlation of elongation in primary secondary and tertiary axes of Pinus strobus and P. resinosa
Friesner, Ray C.
Studies dealing with elongation in various species of conifers have been published by a number of investigators but, so far as is known to the writer, only one of these has considered the question of correlation of elongation between primary, secondary and tertiary axes.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/1
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1113/viewcontent/elongation_friesner.pdf
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Digital Commons @ Butler University
conifers
pinus strobus
p. resinosa
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1115
2009-06-08T20:08:56Z
publication:botanical
A study of the effect of plant operations upon the bacterial count of milk
Smolelis, Albin N.
This study was carried out to determine how the bacterial count of milk is affected by the various operations in a milk plant. Samples were taken at various points throughout the plant during the processing of the milk. The results obtained serve to show where the milk is affected during the various plant operations.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/3
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1115/viewcontent/bacterial_smolelis.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
milk
dairy
bacteria
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1116
2009-06-08T20:21:44Z
publication:botanical
Plankton and its relationship to chemical factors and environment in White River canal, Indianapolis, Indiana
Hupp, Eugene R.
The water industry would receive a useful tool if it knew when to expect these plankton pulsations, and what their effect would be upon purification treatments. From this point of view, it would be beneficial to know a prerequisite factor for algal growth and changes occurring in the stream during a plankton pulse.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/4
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1116/viewcontent/plankton_hupp.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
plankton
water purification
algae
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1117
2009-06-08T20:25:51Z
publication:botanical
Pollen study of five bogs in Price and Sawyer counties, Wisconsin
Potzger, I. E.
The problem was to trace vegetational succession in Wisconsin along a given latitude, and specifically to discover whether Quercus became more important in the forest associations towards the western part of Wisconsin than it was in Vilas county and. in adjacent Gogebic county, Michigan.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/5
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1117/viewcontent/pollen_potzger.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
succession
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1119
2009-06-08T20:36:52Z
publication:botanical
Two Solidago hybrids wothy of names
Friesner, Ray C.
As a matter of taxonomic convenience it is much better to assign specific names to hybrids which are capable of perpetuating themselves indefinitely than to be under the necessity of using the cumbersome designation derived by citing the two probable parents.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/7
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1119/viewcontent/solidago_hybrids_friesner.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
taxonomy
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1118
2009-06-08T20:31:56Z
publication:botanical
A comparative study of three Indiana bogs
Keller, Carl O.
The topography of the northern half of Indiana is dotted with numerous lakes and bogs. Many of the lakes located north of a line running irregularly southeast from Benton to Randolph counties still have extensive areas of open water, but no natural lakes are found south of this line.
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/6
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1118/viewcontent/indiana_bogs_keller.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
bogs
pollen
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1120
2009-06-08T20:48:28Z
publication:botanical
First reports for the algae Borzia, Aulosira and Asterocytis in Indiana
Daily, William A.
This Myxophycean, a member of the Oscillatotiaceae, has not been reported previously for the Western Hemisphere .
1943-05-31T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/8
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1120/viewcontent/algae_borzia_daily.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1122
2009-06-08T21:00:37Z
publication:botanical
Survival of hemlock seedlings in a relict colony under forest conditions
Friesner, Ray C.
Potzger, J. E.
It would thus appear that in areas where hemlock is a component of the climax, and not merely a relict, reproduction is dependent primarily upon a combination of three factors, viz. a good seed year followed by a good germinating year and these in turn followed by several years of favorable moisture conditions.
1944-08-30T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/10
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1122/viewcontent/hemlock_friesner.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
seedlings
survival
oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:botanical-1121
2009-06-08T20:55:29Z
publication:botanical
Correlation of microclimatic factors with species distribution in Shenk's woods, Howard county, Indiana
Friesner, Ray C.
Ek, Charles M.
In furtherance of the plan of the Botany Department of Butler University to place on record as rapidly as possible analysis of as many of the remnants of the forest primeval as can be studied before the woodsman's saw and axe make it too late...
1943-08-30T07:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/botanical/vol6/iss1/9
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/context/botanical/article/1121/viewcontent/microclimatic_friesner.pdf
Butler University Botanical Studies
Digital Commons @ Butler University
forest primeval
667769/oai_dc/100//