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Abstract

Perfect numbers (PNs) are integers whose factors sum to the number, like 6 (=1+2+3). Euclid gave a formula for finding them: if 2n - 1 is prime then 2n - 1(2n - 1) is a PN. There are only five PNs below ten billion: 6, 28, 496, 8128 and 33,550,336.

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