Abstract
Nichols (6) concludes that "white pine, throughout a large part of its geographical range, is a normal, although minor, constituent of the climatic climax forest." He maintains that the Tsuga-Pinus strobus region is a distinct ecological unit which is the climatic climax for the region where they occur. Most universally associated with these species are Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum and A. nigrum, and, in lesser proportions, a considerable number of additional species are often found.
COinS