Evaluation of the Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Pediatric Patients Requiring Chronic Respiratory Support

Indianapolis, IN

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative rod that colonizes the respiratory tract, yet is typically not pathogenic. Treating a colonization could increase a patient’s risk for a more virulent and/or resistant infection. Chronically ventilated pediatric patients are a population that is at risk for this infection, and there are limited data available to guide treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if treating a positive Stenotrophomonas maltophilia culture improved clinical outcomes in chronically ventilated pediatric patients. Subjects were pediatric patients that were either chronically mechanically ventilated or had a tracheostomy and had a positive culture for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia between August 2014 and March 2017. Patients were excluded if they had a history of cystic fibrosis or a type 1 allergy to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Patients were divided into two groups, 1) treatment and 2) no treatment. Included were thirty-nine patients with a total of 55 encounters – 25 encounters (22 patients) in the group that was treated and 30 encounters (27 patients) in the group that was not treated. Results to be presented.